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[Leetcode]111. Minimum Depth of Binary Tree(C++)

题目描述

题目链接:111. Minimum Depth of Binary Tree

Given a binary tree, find its minimum depth.

The minimum depth is the number of nodes along the shortest path from the root node down to the nearest leaf node.

例子

例子 1

Input: [3,9,20,null,null,15,7] Output: 2

例子 2

Input: root = [2,null,3,null,4,null,5,null,6] Output: 5

Note

  • A leaf is a node with no children.

解题思路

这道题求二叉树的最浅深度,可以用 DFS 或者 BFS 来求解:

方法一: DFS

通过 DFS 遍历二叉树,并在遇到叶子结点时更新结果即可。为了加快速度,可以在当前深度达到当前最小深度时停止遍历该子树。 代码如下:

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

class Solution {
public:
    int minDepth(TreeNode* root) {
        if (!root) return 0;
        int min_depth = INT_MAX;
        dfs(root, 0, min_depth);
        return min_depth;
    }

private:
    void dfs(TreeNode* node, int current_depth, int& min_depth) {
        if (!node || current_depth >= min_depth) {
            return;
        }
        current_depth++;
        if (!node->left && !node->right) {
            min_depth = current_depth;
        }

        dfs(node->left, current_depth, min_depth);
        dfs(node->right, current_depth, min_depth);
    }
};
  • 时间复杂度: O(n)
  • 空间复杂度: O(h) – 遍历深度为最大二叉树最大深度

方法二: BFS

结合 std::queue 和 BFS 按层遍历二叉树,在遇到第一个叶子节点时即可返回当前深度作为结果,代码如下:

class Solution {
public:
   
    int minDepth(TreeNode* root) {
        
        // BFS Solution
    
        queue<TreeNode*>q;
        if(root==NULL)return 0;
        q.push(root);
        int level=0;
        while(!q.empty())
        {
            int s=q.size();
            level++;
            while(s--)
            {
                auto cur=q.front();
                
                q.pop();
                if(cur->left)q.push(cur->left);
                
                if(cur->right)q.push(cur->right);
                if(!cur->left&&!cur->right)return level; // This must be leaf node so return it
                
            }
          
        }
        return level;
    }
};
  • 时间复杂度: O(n)
  • 空间复杂度: O(w)

GitHub 代码同步地址: 111.MinimumDepthOfBinaryTree.cpp

其他题目: GitHub: Leetcode-C++-Solution 博客: Leetcode-Solutions

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